Detectionofabnormalnumbersand/ordistributionofbonemarrow(BM)plasmacells(PCs)ontrephinebiopsiescanbeofimportanceinthedifferentialdiagnosisofmultiplemyeloma(MM)andotherPCneoplasms(1,2).CD138expressioninhematologicmalignancyinbonemarrowbiopsyspecimensislimitedtononneoplasticandneoplasticplasmacellsandlymphoplasmacyticlymphomainwhichstrongmembranestainingofneoplasticplasmacellsisaconsistentfinding.OtherhematopoieticmalignanciesareCD138negative(1,2).Somemarrowelements,suchasstroma,mastcells,histiocytes,fatcells,osteoblastsandosteoclasts,andcellsofhematopoieticlineage,areuniformlynegative(1,2).Essentiallyallplasmacellsaredelineatedwithastrongmembranousimmunoreactivity,providingahighlysensitiveandspecificMarkerforquantitationofplasmacellsinbonemarrowbiopsies.ThereactivityforCD138iswellpreservedinbothZenker-fixedandformalin-fixeddecalcifiedtissuebiopsiesandtheuseofantigenretrievaldonotalterthereactivityofCD138(1,2).TheseresultsdemonstratethatCD138isahighlysensitiveandspecificmarkerthatisusefulfortherapidandpreciselocalizationofnonneoplasticandneoplasticPCsonroutineBMsections.Inaddition,becauseofitsclear-cutcellmembranelocalization,CD138canbeusedindouble-markerimmunostainingreactionstoevaluatepreciselydiagnosticnuclearmarkerssuchasKi67,CyclinD1,andCyclinD3inMMs.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)andfluorescenceinsituhybridization(FISH)areusedtoinvestigateCyclinD1expressionandthepresenceofchromosome11abnormalitiesin48MMpatients(40atdiagnosisand8atrelapse)andinnormalplasmacellsandhematopoieticprecursorsinBMbiopsies(4).CyclinD1overexpressionoccurredin12/48(25%)ofcases;combinedIHCandFISHanalysesin39patientsshowedCyclinD1positivityinallofthecases(7/7)bearingthet(11;14),intwoofthe13caseswithtrisomy11.NormalplasmacellsandotherhematopoieticcomponentsinBMdonotreacttoCyclinD1antibody.Thedataindicatethatthet(11;14)translocationinMMleadstoCyclinD1overexpressionandthatIHCanalysismayrepresentareliablemeansofidentifyingMMpatientswiththet(11;14)and,ingeneral,ofdemonstratingtheinvolvementofthisgeneinMM(4).Theco-expressionandvisualizationofCD138(membranous)andCyclinD1(nuclear)inneoplasticplasmacellsshowingbydoubleIHCstainingmakequantificationofthetumorcellsmucheasiertoobservecomparedtoindividualslideinterpretation(2,4).
| ByLetter | C |
|---|---|
| Antigen | CD138,CyclinD1 |
| IntendedUse | IVD |
| Format | Predilute |
| Volume | 6.0ml |
| Clone | B-A38,SP4 |
| Localization | CellMembrane,Nuclear |
| Isotype | IgG,IgG1 |
References:
1.ChilosiM,etal.CD138/syndecan-1:ausefulimmunohistochemicalmarkerofnormalandneoplasticplasmacellsonroutinetrephinebonemarrowbiopsies.ModPathol.1999;12:1101-6.
2.YokoiS,etal.Cytogeneticstudyandanalysisofproteinexpressioninplasmacellmyelomawitht(11;14)(q13;q32):AbsenceofBCL6andSOX11,andinfrequentexpressionofCD20andPAX5.JClinExpHematop.2015;55:137-43.
3.O’ConnellFP,etal.CD138(Syndecan-1),aplasmacellmarkerimmunohistochemicalprofileinhematopoieticandnonhematopoieticneoplasms.AmJClinPathol.2004;121:254-63.
4.PruneriG,etal.ImmunohistochemicalanalysisofcyclinD1showsderegulatedexpressioninmultiplemyelomawiththet(11;14).AmJPathol2000,156:1505-13.
5.CenterforDiseaseControlManual.Guide:SafetyManagement,NO.CDC-22,Atlanta,GA.April30,1976“DecontaminationofLaboratorySinkDrainstoRemoveAzideSalts.”
6.ClinicalandLaboratoryStandardsInstitute(CLSI).ProtectionofLaboratoryWorkersfromOccupationallyAcquiredInfections;ApprovedGuideline-FourthEditionCLSIdocumentM29-A4Wayne,PA2014.
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